Berner 15-T derailleur pulley upgrade: an analytic model

A lot of fuss was made in the Tour about the Berner SRAM derailleur upgrades used by Alberto Contador and Andy Schleck. By going from 11 teeth to 15 teeth on the lower rear pulley, the chain bends less upon entry and exit to the pulley while the pulley additionally turns more slowly. Each of these effects reduces drivetrain losses, and that means more of the power to the pedals goes to the road instead of to heating up the bike and air.

Berner modification to a Saxo Bank Specialized SL3Berner mod to a Red rear derailleur on a Team Saxo Bank SL/3 (BikeRadar)

SRAM has evaluated this and claims the results are inconclusive. So much for experimental data: what's a model show?

I spent several posts looking at a drivetrain model. I ended up with the following:
Ploss = (K / L) P (1 / Nf + 1 / Nr) + C T0 K (1 + Nf/Nr + Nf [ 1 / Ndt + 1 / Ndb ] ) + Kd C Nf [ 1 / Ndt + 1 / Ndb ] / 2

where I define:

Ploss = power lost to drivetrain,
Nf = chainring teeth,
Nr = cog teeth,
Ndb = bottom pulley teeth,
Ndt = top pulley teeth, and
C = cadence.

I used the constants:

K/L = 0.265,
T0 K = 0.322 J.

A key parameter is Kd. I previously derived:

Kd = 94 mJ/rev for Shimano Dura-Ace
Kd = 2.4 mJ/rev for CeramicSpeed pulleys

or using data measured by Mark Kelly:

Kd = 37 mJ/rev (standard bearings)
Kd = 6.4 mJ/rev (high quality steel bearings)

Another Red derailleur modification available from Dark Albert with 15-tooth pulley

I assume everyone uses the best ceramic bearings before even considering going to a Berner modification. So I'll use Kd = 2.4 mJ/rev.

The savings are calculated from the loss equation:

ΔP = C ( T0 K + Kd / 2) Nf ( 1 / 11 ‒ 1 / 15 ),

where if I assume C = 1.5 rev/second (90 rev/min), I get 0.48 watts for the 39-tooth ring and 0.66 watts for the 53 tooth ring. Bigger ring at the same cadence means the chain is moving through the pulleys faster. Note this calculation is for swapping one pulley, so going from 11-11 to 11-15 or 15-11, for example. Swapping both pulleys will yield a proportionally larger improvement.

Are these savings worth it? I assumed 300 W steady power, so the savings is around 0.2% of total power with this model. Of course, all of the savings are lost if the Berner pulley doesn't spin as well as your 11T pulley, or if you don't keep your drivetrain meticulously clean you'll squander any savings from this hefty investment.

But it does appear the benefit is real, if small.

Of course if the pulleys are clogged with dirt, things may be different. In the limit of an infinitely-mucked-up chain (T0 very large), the 15-toother saves 10% of lost power in a 53/23. So maybe it's the option of choice for cyclocross, mountain biking, or other races in the mud.

Comments

gregclimbs said…
I have 2 of the dark albert for campy 10s...

they are kinda scary.

anecdotally, with the 15t jockey on the tt bike with:

zedtech disc
octalink bb
srm w/ fsa tt rings
wipperman chain

the drivetrain drag is lower than the freehub drag to the point if you spin the rear wheel in the stand, the cranks spin.

pure anecdote, but none-the-less...
djconnel said…
So what's your view of the quality of the DarkAlbert pulley? If you pull the chain back and spin it with your hand, how long does it spin? SRAM is 2 seconds. Dura-Ace doesn't even spin. Over 2 seconds, and I'm tempted. It's a disease, I know...

The DarkAlbert is way cooler than the Berner.
gregclimbs said…
your pocketbook then probably won't like this:

http://vimeo.com/13964141

7 seconds.

g
djconnel said…
That is brilliant. If Bike Nüt, which does carbon plate mods, doesn't do 15T, I'll need to find some time when I won't be using the derailleur and send it in.
Cons said…
Can you convert a Campy 10 speed by just changing out the pulleys to 13/15 and the cage?
Thanks
djconnel said…
You should check with Dark Albert (see my link). I haven't seen it for Campy, however.

Popular posts from this blog

Proposed update to the 1-second gap rule: 3-second gap

Post-Election Day

Marin Avenue (Berkeley)